Raj Wrote: "Expectation from comprehensive review and analysis is a variety of solutions inside and outside but there is only so much you can tell battery OEMs for internal battery improvement. So, the focus is all solutions, but it might be more about mitigations outside the shell and outside the battery packs. The research should tell us what needs to be focused and mitigations developed"

To me an EV Battery Pack is a set of cells or pouches, connected together in small numbers with sensors and put into subsystem bandoleers or cans, which are in turn connected to power/control/sensor lines and also to a cooling subsystem, as well as controllers and a physical support structure all of which is inside a shell. So does "Outside the shell and outside the packs" mean outside that last outer boundary, or improvements to cooling subsystems inside the shell but outside the bandollers or cans?
It seems there are two potential avenues of exploration, an improvement to the internal cooling subsystem or an improvement to the external cooling subsystem. If we work on the external cooling subsystem, we would have to work with Vehicle integrators for a solution while if we work on the internal cooling subsystem, we would have to work with Battery OEMs. Which customer is the DOT hoping for a target transition to?